They may not be as popular as dinosaurs, but cephalopods—squid, octopuses and their ancestors—reigned supreme for 400 million years. The following is an excerpt from Monarchs of the Sea: The ...

A study by Dr. Martin Ebert and Dr. Martina Kölbl-Ebert examined the remains of some 4,200 Tharsis fossil specimens. They found that some of these fish, all of which were subadults, would occasionally ...

Learn how a new genomic study reveals that squid and cuttlefish survived a mass extinction in deep-sea refuges before rapidly diversifying into modern species. For tens of millions of years, squid and ...

The word “fossil” tends to evokes calcified bones or shells — the “hard” body parts of an animal that died long ago. That’s partially because it is very rare for soft tissue — literal flesh making up ...

At the time of the dinosaurs, the oceans were teeming with life. Below the waves, giant marine reptiles, such as the fearsome 4m (13ft) long mosasaurs, were the undisputed apex predators. In artistic ...

The 62-foot Kraken: A New Marine Overlord? In early 2026, an extraordinary discovery was made—one that absolutely deserves our full attention. A study published in the journal Science revealed that a ...