Deuteration—the substitution of a hydrogen atom with its heavy isotope, deuterium—has emerged as a critical technique in organic synthesis and isotope labeling. This process enables significant ...

To follow the fate of a drug or a drug metabolite as it wends its way through the body, scientists will often label the compound by switching out a hydrogen atom for one of its heavier ...

Chenopods synthesize betaine by a two-step oxidation of choline: choline → betaine aldehyde → betaine. The pathway is chloroplastic; the first step has been shown in isolated spinach (Spinacia ...