Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains the leading immunological cause of kidney allograft loss, yet its humoral origins are incompletely understood.

Neutrophils are a cornerstone of the innate immune response and a primary source of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme-containing enzyme historically ...

Unlike transient innate immune activation, trained immunity is characterized by long-lasting but reversible functional reprogramming of monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and ...

Dozens of new discoveries reveal that defenses evolved by bacteria and viruses billions of years ago still define our own innate immune system. Evolutionary arms races — where one species is pitted ...

Secondary infections caused by bacteria or viruses during hospital care remain a long-standing global challenge, despite advances in modern medicine. In particular, mixed bacterial–viral infections in ...