Oxygen is a vital and constant presence on Earth today. But that hasn't always been the case. It wasn't until around 2.3 ...

Several key moments in Earth’s history help us humans answer the question, “How did we get here?” These moments also shed light on the question, “Where are we going”? – offering scientists deeper ...

New research suggests that certain bacteria began using oxygen nearly one billion years earlier than previously thought. The findings could profoundly reshape our understanding of how life evolved on ...

What is it about planet Earth? -- Life before oxygen -- Evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis -- Cyanobacteria: the great liberators -- What controls atmospheric oxygen concentrations? -- The early ...

Bacterial evolution and oxygen adaptation: A timeline built from genomic, fossil, and chemical data. Colors show oxygen states: anaerobic (blue), aerobic (red), and proportion of aerobic lineages in ...