The CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider have observed an unforeseen feature in the behaviour of top ...

You often hear that each nucleon, like a proton or neutron, has three quarks inside of it, and that the quarks exchange gluons. But that isn’t the full picture at all.

The massive quarks — counterintuitively heavier than the proton itself — might carry about 0.6 percent of a proton’s momentum.

However, physicists have now known for some time that the full picture is far more complex, with these three “valence” quarks alone only account for a fraction of the proton’s mass. Instead, the ...

These quarks are heavier than protons, but only by a small amount – leaving open the possibility that they provide a fairly small but nevertheless observable component to a proton’s mass. While some ...

Protons might be stretchier than they should be. The subatomic particles are built of smaller particles called quarks, which are bound together by a powerful interaction known as the strong force.

Protons are particles that exist in the nucleus of all atoms, with their number defining the elements themselves. Protons, however, are not fundamental particles. Rather, they are composite ...

Proton’s mass radius is apparently shorter than its charge radius The quarks that give it charge aren't hanging out with the gluons that provide mass.

What happens when the smallest building blocks of matter refuse to play by the rules of traditional physics? For decades, ...

Up quarks have a +2/3 charge, and down quarks have a -1/3 charge. If you add and subtract those fractions, you get the +1 charge of a proton. Valence quarks get lots of attention.