Almost exactly 200 years ago, French physicist Sadi Carnot determined the maximum efficiency of heat engines. The Carnot principle, the second law of thermodynamics, was developed for large, ...

For two centuries, students have learned that heat flows and engines work according to rigid limits that no machine can beat.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a way to investigate the surface features of some materials. It works by “feeling” or “touching” the surface with an extremely small probe. This provides a ...

Controlling light at dimensions thousands of times smaller than the thickness of a human hair is one of the pillars of modern nanotechnology. An international team led by the Quantum Nano-Optics Group ...

“To improve transistor density and electronic performance, next-generation semiconductor devices are adopting three-dimensional architectures and feature sizes down to the few-nm regime, which require ...

Researchers uncover how the surface structure of silver iodide at the atomic scale triggers ice formation in clouds, improving understanding of artificial rain and snow. (Nanowerk News) No one can ...