China chose swift retaliation for trade measures in the first Trump administration, but that led to an upward spiral of trade measures and much broader tariffs.

Trump has long proposed raising tariffs—or taxes on imported goods that the businesses importing them pay the U.S. government—before the election, and said in November he’ll impose a 25% tariff rate on all imports from Mexico and Canada on the first day of his presidency and will impose an additional 10% tariff rate on all imports from China on top of other tariffs.