James has been writing about technology for years but has loved it since the early 90s. While his main areas of expertise are maker tools -- 3D printers, vinyl cutters, paper printers, and laser ...

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Abstract: Milk pasteurization is complex and nonlinear, challenging to manage with traditional controllers such as ON-OFF or PID. This study examines fractional-order PID (FO-PID) control due to its ...