Let’s use carbon as an example. There are three isotopes of carbon found in nature – carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. All three have six protons, but their neutron numbers - 6, 7, and 8 ...

In earth and environmental sciences, radioactive isotopes, atom variants that decay over time, play a major role in age determination. A radioactive isotope of the inert gas argon 39, for example ...

Stable isotopes are a useful tool for distinguishing two sources in a mixture, but frequently systems have more than two components. Here, the authors propose a new approach to allow conclusive ...