El Nino and La Nina, both the terms refer to large-scale changes in sea-surface temperature across the eastern tropical Pacific and the most powerful phenomenon of the Earth. A. It is warmer than ...

The graphs show long-range forecast scenarios for sea surface temperatures (SSTs), or SAM atmospheric indices. The SST indices are averaged over particular regions of the Pacific and Indian oceans.

The main variable that is considered from the coupled climate models' ENSO forecasts is the NINO3.4 index. All models that NCC surveys run a suite of forecasts known as an ensemble. Both the ensemble ...