Researchers have been working for decades to understand the architecture of the subatomic world. One of the knottier ...

Protons are far from simple particles — they are swirling cauldrons of quarks, gluons, and quantum entanglement. Scientists ...

In recent years, there have been attempts to describe the inside of a proton using quantum information tools, with partial ...

Neutrinos are some of the most abundant particles in the universe, and they are everywhere. Every second, more than 6 ...

Figure 1: Production of single top quarks in proton–antiproton collisions. a , A single top quark ( t ) can be created in the collision of a W boson and a bottom quark ( b ).

Scientists believe such a substance of free quarks and gluons, the building blocks of protons and neutrons, permeated the universe a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. A new analysis of data ...

T he atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to ...

Researchers have discovered that superconducting nanowire photon detectors (SNSPDs), originally designed for detecting ...

Dragging two up quarks and one down quark from the dispenser to the Nucleon Assembly area, which sits near the center of the window, forms a proton. Dragging one up quark and two down quarks to ...