Gluons do more than hold protons together. They may also help define the proton’s identity through a quantum property called ...

Proton quantum structure research has reached a milestone: physicists directly measured quantum interference between quarks ...

Our understanding of the internal structure of protons is largely based on classical physics, but data compiled from ...

Accordingly, a massive research team called the STAR Collaboration analyzed the results of different types of collisions ...

The standard model of physics is one of the most successful scientific theories in existence, but do we need it all?

Researchers have nailed down an elusive quantity called baryon number, which may be responsible for the cosmic mismatch between matter and antimatter ...

Physicists with the Beijing Spectrometer III (BES III) experiment have uncovered convincing new evidence of the existence of so-called glueballs, an elusive composite particle made entirely of gluons ...

Scientists have predicted the existence of a particle made of gluons for a long time, but detecting it has taken decades.

A University of Kansas physicist played a leading role in a CERN study showing that two rival explanations for how gluons behave inside atomic nuclei can now be experimentally distinguished.

Lepton-lepton scattering has been observed for the first time at a hadron collider, as the CMS Collaboration at CERN ...

Why is there something rather than nothing? Philosopher Martin Heidegger called this "the first of all questions," and it has vexed scholars and theologians alike throughout history. Science has yet ...

SUMMARY: Electromagnetism is a strong force that causes protons in an atom's nucleus, such as Helium, to repel each other.